The Khmelnytsky Uprising is the precursor to a period in Polish history known as The Deluge (which includes a Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth), that is to temporarily free the Ukrainians from Polish domination but in short time subject them to Russian domination.

Weakened by wars and stalemated by the Poles, in 1654 Khmelnytsky persuades the Zaporozhye Cossacks to obtain military aid from Russia in exchange for their recognition of the tsar’s sovereignty over the Ukraine.

The rebellion against Polish rule ends in 1654 with the Zaporozhye Cossacks now firmly in the Russian camp by the Treaty of Pereyaslav, which will soon lead to the Russo-Polish War of 1654-1667.