Bonaparte now leads an expedition to Egypt, where his army is trapped and which, after he returns to France, surrenders.

During his absence from Europe, the outbreak of violence in Switzerland meanwhile draws French support against the old Swiss Confederation.

When revolutionaries overthrow the cantonal government in Bern, the French Army of the Alps invades, ostensibly to support the Swiss Republicans.

In northern Italy, Russian general Aleksandr Suvorov wins a string of victories, driving the French under Moreau out of the Po Valley, forcing them back on the French Alps and the coast around Genoa.

However, the Russian armies in the Helvetic Republic are defeated by French commander André Masséna, and Suvorov eventually withdraws.

Ultimately the Russians leave the Coalition when Great Britain insists on the right to search all vessels it stops at sea.

In Germany, Archduke Charles of Austria drives the French under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan back across the Rhine and wins several victories in Switzerland.

Jourdan is replaced by Masséna, who now combines the Armies of the Danube and Helvetia.