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People: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough

Bohemia's aristocratic and clerical reaction gathers strength …

Years: 1804 - 1815
Bohemia's aristocratic and clerical reaction gathers strength under Francis II (1792-1835).

The war against revolutionary France and the subsequent Napoleonic wars causes a temporary interruption of the reactionary movement.

In 1804 Francis II transfers his imperial title to the Austrian domains (Austria, Bohemian Kingdom, Hungary, Galicia, and parts of Italy), and two years later the Holy Roman Empire is formally dissolved.

The Austrian Empire comes into existence and is to play a leading role in the newly established German Confederation.

From 1815, after the conclusive defeat of Napoleon, the policy of reaction devised by Austria's foreign minister, Prince Metternich, will dominate European affairs.