Cumans invade and plunder the eastern territories of the Hungarian kingdom in 1091 or 1092.

Bernold of St. Blasien narrates that Duke Welf of Bavaria prevented "a conference that" Emperor Henry IV "had arranged with the king of the Hungarians" in December 1092.

A letter of the emperor clearly refers to "the alliance into which" he "once entered with" Ladislaus.

Pope Urban II also mentioned in one of his letters that the Hungarians "left the shepherds of their salvation", implying that Ladislaus joined the antipope's camp, possibly because the Pope opposed his expedition to Croatia in 1089-91.

The smallness of Hungary’s Jewish community does not prevent Ladislaus from enacting measures to separate Jews as much as possible from Christians.

Jews are prohibited from working on Sunday, owning slaves or marrying Christians.

Despite this, no overt anti-Jewish measures are imposed.

Cosmas of Prague, a Bohemian chronicler, mentions Jews living in Prague 1093 in what he calls the Mezi gradi Vysehrad (between the castles) on the right bank of the river “who had amassed large amounts of gold and silver”.

Ladislaus intervenes in the conflict between Duke Wladislaw I Herman of Poland and his illegitimate son, Zbigniew on the latter's behalf.

He breaks into Wladislaw I Herman's camp, seizes his younger son, Boleslav and forces the duke to declare Zbigniew his legitimate son in 1093.

According to the Illuminated Chronicle, the Hungarian troops also took Cracow, but the credibility of this report is dubious.

The rule of Stephen II over Croatia had been relatively ineffectual and lasted less than two years.

He spent most of this time in the tranquility of the monastery of Sv.

Stjepan pod Borovima (St. Stephen beneath the Pines) near Split.

Zvonimir's widow, Queen Jelena, reportedly plots the inheritance of the Croatian Crown for her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary.

Stephen II had died peacefully in December 1090, or at the beginning of 1091, without leaving an heir.

War and unrest had broken out in Croatia shortly afterward, with the southern nobility electing Petar Svačić as King of Croatia in 1093, immediately entering into conflict with the Hungarian king Ladislaus.

The name Zagreb appears to have been first recorded in 1134 in a document relating to the establishment of the Zagreb bishopric around 1094 by the Hungarian King Ladislaus, returning from his campaign against Croatia.

The origins of the name Zagreb are less clear.

King Ladislaus of Hungary in 1094 establishes the Zagreb bishopric, which is destined to become the ecclesiastical center of Croatia.

Ladislaus is planning to invade Bohemia in order to assist his sister's sons, Svatopluk and Otto.

However, he becomes seriously ill even before reaching Moravia.

According to the Illuminated Chronicle, Ladislaus "called together his chief men" and "ordained that" his brother's younger son Álmos "should reign after him", because he had no sons.

The king dies near the border between the Kingdom of Hungary and Bohemia on July 29, 1095.

Ladislaus is succeeded by his nephew Coloman of Hungary who apparently was the new guardian of Ladisalus’s orphaned daughter Piroska.

Seeking to advance Hungarian interest in the Balkans, and in an effort to improve relations with Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, Coloman negotiates the marriage of his daughter Piroska to John II Komnenos, the eldest son of Alexios I and Irene Doukaina.

Made co-ruler of his father on September 1, 1092, John is expected to succeed him.

Stephen I of Hungary had died in 1038 and had been canonized in 1083.

Despite pagan revolts and a series of succession struggles after his death, Hungary has grown stronger and expanded.

Transylvania is conquered and colonized with Magyars, Szekels (a tribe related to the Magyars), and German Saxons in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

In 1090 Laszlo I (1077-95) had occupied Slavonia, and in 1103 Coloman I (1095-1116) had assumed the title of king of Croatia.

Croatia is never assimilated into Hungary; rather, it becomes an associate kingdom administered by a ban, or civil governor.