Seventh Day Baptists are Christian Baptists who observe seventh-day Sabbath, which was the original Sabbath for the Judaeo-Christian tradition.

The first recorded Seventh Day Baptist meeting had been held at The Mill Yard Church in London in 1651 under the leadership of Dr. Peter Chamberlen. (However, many Seventh Day Baptists believe that records showing that the sect had originated in 1617 were lost in a fire.)

Samuel and Tacy Hubbard, two members of the First Baptist Church of Newport, Rhode Island, pastored by John Clarke, withdraw from that church and join with Stephen Mumford, a Seventh Day Baptist from England, and four others, covenanting to meet together for worship in December 1671, calling themselves Sabbatarian Baptists.

Mumford, for his part, had arrived in Rhode Island in 1665, and is mentioned as an advocate for seventh-day Sabbath in many records of this time.

Other than the belief that Christian Sabbath is Saturday rather than Sunday, Seventh Day Baptists are very similar to other Baptists.

The Seventh Day Baptist World Federation today represents over fifty thousand Baptists in twenty-two countries.