Scholasticism begins to flourish in Japanese Zen circles under the influence of emigré Chinese literati monks such as Ishan Ining, schooled in Chinese literature and philosophy.

This results in literati-oriented paintings of orchids and bamboo by monks.

Sesson Yūbai started studying Linji Ch'an under Ishan Ining in Japan and later moved to China where he studies with many other teachers.

He will live in China for over twenty years, from 1307 to 1329.

He is imprisoned in Chang'an during the period in which Zen Buddhists are persecuted.

Many of the poems created during or about this period survive; they form the basis of his reputation.