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People: Louis X of France

Native resistance delays the conquest and settlement …

Years: 1552 - 1563

Native resistance delays the conquest and settlement of the Bolivian lowlands.

The Spanish establish Santa Cruz de la Sierra (hereafter, Santa Cruz) in 1561, but the Gran Chaco, the colonial name for the arid Chaco region, remains a violent frontier throughout colonial rule.

In the Chaco, the natives, mostly Chiriguano, carry out unrelenting attacks against colonial settlements and remain independent of direct Spanish control.