Philip II, son of the Seleucid king Philip I Philadelphus, briefly reigns over parts of Syria in the 60s BCE, as a client king under Pompey.

He competes with his second cousin Antiochus XIII Asiaticus for the favors of the great Roman general, but Pompey will have none of them.

In 64 BCE, Pompey marches into Syria and has Antiochus XIII Asiaticus deposed and killed by a Syrian chieftain, Sampsiceramus I. Antiochus' death is traditionally said to have ended the Seleucid dynasty, but he is survived by Philip II Philoromaeus for a short time.

No coins of Philip II are known, which is unusual for Seleucid rulers (the ephemeral Seleucus V Philometor is the only other king for which this is the case).

This may indicate that Philip did not rule in any of the mint cities.

Pompey now reconstitutes Syria, too, as a Roman province.