…Mantineia, which until the early fifth century BCE had been a cluster of five villages, but, at the suggestion of Argos, had been merged into one city.

The Argives have now recovered from the defeat at Sepeia in 494, and the temporarily exiled descendants of the casualties of Sepeia, the “sons of the slain” as Herodotus calls them, a naturally anti-Spartan group, are now back in control (after ousting the slaves).

Argos is on record as fighting a battle in perhaps the 470s, together with Arcadian Tegea, against Sparta, which also must cope with “all the Arcadians except the Mantineans” at a strictly undatable battle of Dipaieis.

Themistocles retires to Argos to make trouble for Sparta, which he views as the natural opponent of Athens.

Remaining an exile, he will eventually make his way across the Aegean to Magnesia, an inland Ionian city under Persian rule.

The city of Elis, having broken with Sparta soon after 479 BCE, adopts a democratic constitution around 471 BCE and becomes the administrative center of a union of smaller townships in the northwestern Peloponnesus.

Náxos revolts from the Delian League in 471 BCE, but Athens soon captures the island.

Naxos is believed to have been forced to tear down its walls, lose its fleet and its vote in the League.

Thucydides equates the inhabitants' loss of freedom with “enslavement”.

The Temple of Zeus, on which construction begins in about 470 at Olympia, designed by Libon of Elis, will eventually house one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—the monumental statue of Zeus by Phidias, which will be added to the temple around 435 BCE and located towards the back of the naos.

Constructed of limestone and covered with stucco built on a raised rectangular platform of approximately sixty-four by twenty-eight meters, with thirteen ten-meter columns on each side and six at either end, the temple is divided into three sections: the pronaos, naos and opisthodomos.

It is constructed in the Doric order, with carved metopes and triglyph frieze, topped by pediments filled with sculptures in the Severe Style now attributed to the Olympia Master and his studio.

The east pediment, erroneously attributed to Paeonius by Pausanias, depicts, in relief, the myth of the chariot race between Pelops and Oenomaus, with Zeus standing in the center.

The west pediment depicts the legendary battle between the Centaurs and the Lapiths.

Apollo stands in the center, flanked by Peirithoos and Theseus (fragments now remain at the Archaeological Museum in Olympia).

A sequence of twelve metopes—six over the pronaos and six over the opithodomos—show the twelve labors of Herakles.

Like the pediments, they are carved from Parian marble.

The temple will be destroyed in the fifth century CE by earthquake.

Pausanias, who had retired to Colonae near Troy, is again recalled to Sparta to face charges of Medism, or conspiracy.

Suspected of plotting to seize power in Sparta by instigating a helot uprising, he takes refuge in the Temple of Athena of the Brazen House in Sparta to escape arrest.

The Spartans wall in the sanctuary and starve him to death. (Although Herodotus doubted that Pausanias had colluded with the Persians, Thucydides, writing years after the events, was certain of his guilt. It is conceivable that the Spartans had made Pausanias a scapegoat for their failure to retain the leadership of Greece.)

While Argos is preoccupied with fighting and subduing its neighboring cities, Mycenae and Tiryns, and thus unavailable to support Tegea, Sparta completely mobilizes to defeat the Arcadians in 470 at the Battle of Dipaea, after which Tegea submits to Sparta.

Sparta, while Argos is preoccupied with fighting and subduing its neighboring cities, Mycenae and Tiryns, and thus unavailable to support Tegea, mobilizes completely in 470 to defeat the Arcadians at the Battle of Dipaea, after which Tegea submits to Sparta.

The prosperous Rhodian cities of Ialysos, …

…Kameiros, and …