José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia is one of the greatest figures in Paraguayan history.

Ruling from 1814 until his death in 1840, Francia succeeds almost single-handedly in building a strong, prosperous, secure, and independent nation at a time when Paraguay's continued existence as a distinct country seems unlikely.

He leaves Paraguay at peace, with government coffers full and many infant industries flourishing.

Frugal, honest, competent, and diligent, Francia is tremendously popular with the lower classes, but despite his popularity, Francia tramples on human rights, imposing an authoritarian police state based on espionage and coercion.

Under Francia, Paraguay undergoes a social upheaval that destroys the old elites.