Pakistan believes it has won the Rann …
Years: 1965 - 1965
Pakistan believes it has won the Rann of Kachchh conflict and that India's army is weak.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Ayub's foreign minister, urges another round of fighting in Kashmir in the summer, to which Ayub Khan agrees.
In the early spring of 1965, UN observers and India report increased activity by infiltrators from Pakistan into Indian-held Kashmir.
Pakistan hopes to support an uprising by Kashmiris against India, but no such uprising occurs.
In mid-August, Pakistan launches "Operation Grandslam" with the hope of cutting off Kashmir along its narrow southern "neck" before India can bring up its outmoded tanks.
India's forces, however, move a three-pronged tank attack aimed at Lahore and Sialkot across the international border in Punjab early in September, while Pakistan attacks in the Chamb sector in southwestern Kashmir.
Each country has limited objectives, and neither is economically capable of sustaining a long war because military supplies are immediately cut to both countries by the United States and Britain.
China's diplomatic support and transfer of military equipment is important to Pakistan during the conflict.
The great city of Lahore is in range of Indian tank fire by September 23, 1965, when both sides, whose armies have suffered considerable losses and whose ammunition has run low because of the embargo, agree upon a UN cease-fire, arranged through the Security Council.
