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People: Hendrick Zwaardecroon
Location: Hasanlu Azarbayjan-e Gharbi Iran

The siege of Vienna had been the …

Years: 1684 - 1699

The siege of Vienna had been the high-water mark of Ottoman expansion in Europe, and its failure has opened Hungary to reconquest by the European powers.

In a ruinous sixteen-year war, Russia and the Holy League—composed of Austria, Poland, and Venice, and organized under the aegis of the pope—finally drive the Ottomans south of the Danube and east of the Carpathians.

Under the terms of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, the first in which the Ottomans acknowledge defeat, Hungary, Transylvania, and Croatia are formally relinquished to Austria.

Poland recovers Podolia, and Dalmatia and the Morea are ceded to Venice.

Russia receives the Azov region in a separate peace the next year.