With the civil wars finally over, Octavian restores stability to Rome, ending nearly a century of internal conflict.

In 27 BCE, the Senate bestows upon him the title Augustus, marking his rise as the most powerful figure in the Roman world. As Augustus Caesar, he establishes himself as Rome’s first emperor, transforming the oligarchic-democratic Republic into an autocratic empire.

This final victory of the Roman Republic ushers in the Pax Romana—the longest era of peace and stability in Europe’s recorded history.