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Group: Lycia et Pamphylia (Roman province)
Location: Antioch > Antakya Hatay Turkey

North Polynesia (6,093 – 4,366 BCE): Middle …

Years: 6093BCE - 4366BCE

North Polynesia (6,093 – 4,366 BCE): Middle Holocene — Reef Highstands and Coastal Wetland Expansion

Geographic & Environmental Context

North Polynesia includes the Hawaiian Islands chain except Hawaiʻi Island (the Big Island) — principally OʻahuMauiKauaʻiMolokaʻiLānaʻiNiʻihau — plus Midway Atoll.

  • Anchors: Leeward Oʻahu pocket beaches; Maui Nui bay-head deltas; Kauaʻi–Niʻihau leeward limestone benches; Midway lagoon passes.

Climate & Environmental Shifts

  • Hypsithermal period: modest sea-level highstand created wide back-reef ponds and wetlands; episodic droughts alternated with Kona-storm winters.

Biota & Baseline Ecology (No Human Presence)

  • Estuarine fish (mullet, milkfish) and invertebrates flourished in calm lagoons; freshwater prawns and gobies occupied stream mouths.

  • Dune–strand flora stabilized shorelines; seabirds remained abundant roosting on outer islets and atolls.

Long-Term Significance

Coastal wetlands and back-reef ponds that later become loʻi (taro pondfields) and fishpond basins reached mature form.

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