Nanhai Lieutenant Ren Xiao becomes gravely ill soon after the first insurrections and summons the military commander Zhao Tuo to hear his dying instructions.

Ren describes the natural advantages of the southern region and describes how a kingdom could be founded to combat the warring groups in the Chinese north.

He drafts a decree instating Zhao Tuo as the new Lieutenant of Nanhai, and passes away soon afterward.

After Ren's death, Zhao Tuo sends orders to his troops in Hengpu Pass (north of modern Nanxiong, Guangdong Province), Yangshan Pass (northern Yangshan County), Huang Stream Pass (modern Yingde region, where the Lian River enters the Bei River), and other garrisons to fortify themselves against any northern troops.

He also executes Qin officials still stationed in Nanhai and replaces them with his own trusted friends.

Tradition states that Shu prince Shu Pan founded a kingdom called Au Lak, building his capital and citadel at Co Loa, thirty-five kilometers north of present-day Hanoi.

An Duong's kingdom was short-lived, however, being conquered in 208 BCE by the army of the Zhao Tuo.

The invaders assimilate his territory with that of Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang.

In 206 BCE, the Qin Dynasty ceases to exist, and the Yue peoples of Guilin and Xiang are largely independent once more.

In 204 BCE, Zhao Tuo founds the Kingdom of Nanyue, with Panyu as capital, and declares himself the Martial King of Nanyue.