Long-smoldering opposition to the Hasidim from Orthodox rabbis called Mitnaggedim (Opponents) reaches a climax in 1772 when Elijah ben Solomon, the gaon (spiritual leader) of Vilna, excommunicates the Hasidim for their practical repudiation of traditional Judaism, for pantheistic tendencies, for the adoption of esoteric Kabbalistic teachings, and for excessive veneration of the tzaddiqim.

Elimelech of Lizhensk had, in fact, established Hasidic dynasties by claiming that charismatic qualities were transmitted by heredity from a father to his son.

The movement continues unabated despite such opposition.