Limerick, the Jacobite headquarters, having successfully resisted two sieges, finally surrenders in October.

The pacification of Limerick permits freedom of religion for Catholics in Ireland and free transport of Irish soldiers to France, including Sarsfield, who joins Louis XIV's army in the Spanish Netherlands.

But the Irish Protestants object: civil articles to secure toleration for the Catholics are not ratified, thus enabling later Irish leaders to denounce the of Limerick, broken "before the ink was dry".

Immediately after Limerick, acts of the English Parliament secure the Protestant position by declaring illegal the acts of King James's Parliament in Ireland and restricting membership in future Irish Parliaments to Protestants only.

The sale of the lands forfeited by James and some of his supporters further reduce the Catholic landownership in the country.