Koxinga has enjoyed a series of military successes in 1651 and 1652 that have increased the Qing government's anxiety over the threat he poses.

His gather, Zheng Zhilong, writes a letter to his son from Beijing, presumably at the request of the Shunzhi Emperor and the Qing government, urging Koxinga to negotiate with the Manchus.

The long series of negotiations between Koxinga and the Qing Dynasty lasts until November 1654, when the Qing government appoints Prince Jidu (son of Jirgalang) to lead an attack on Koxinga's territory after the failed negotiations.