Kazan's water supply is blocked and the walls are breached before the final storming of the city on October 2 leads to Kazan being taken, its fortifications razed, and much of the population massacred.

The Kazan Chronicle reports about one hundred and ten thousand killed, both civilians and garrison members; sixty thousand to one hundred thousand Russians who had been kept captive in khanate are released.

The fall of Kazan has as its primary effect the outright annexation of the Middle Volga.

Kazan is the first non-Slavic state to be integrated with the Russian empire.

A guerilla war begins in the region after the city's fall.

The Tsar, in suppressing the uprising, responds with a policy of Christianization and Russification of his Tatar subjects and other indigenous peoples; this policy will not be reversed until the reign of Catherine the Great.

Muscovy is transformed as a result of the Kazan campaigns into the multinational and multi-faith state of Russia.

The city of Kazan is today the sixth largest city of Russia.