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Group: Illinois, Territory of (U.S.A.)
People: Jan Josephszoon van Goyen

It becomes apparent soon after 1908 that …

Years: 1900 - 1911
It becomes apparent soon after 1908 that the nationalism of Abdul Hamid's successors is Turkish nationalism bent on Turkification of the Ottoman domain, rather than on granting local autonomy.

In response, Arab urban intellectuals form clandestine political societies such as the Ottoman Decentralization Party, based in Cairo; Al Ahd (The Covenant Society), formed primarily by army officers in 1914; and Jamiat al Arabiyah al Fatat (The Young Arab Society), known as Al Fatat (The Young Arabs), formed by students in 1911.

The Arab nationalism espoused by these groups, however, lacks support among the Arab masses.