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Further difficulties in China follow in the …

Years: 1861 - 1861

Further difficulties in China follow in the wake of the Second Opium War.

An illegal opium trade carried on by smugglers in south China encourages gangsterism and piracy, and the activity will eventually become linked with powerful secret societies in the south of China.

With the end of the Second Opium War in 1858, the legalization of opium in China had quickly transformed the country into the world's leading producer.

Chinese officials encourage local production, and poppy cultivation spreads beyond the southwest to nearly every province.