Helian Ding is by 432 no longer able to hold Shanggui, and …

…having destroyed Qifu Mumo's Western Qin, Helian Ding tries to head west to attack Northern Liang, but is intercepted by the khan of the Tuyuhun, Murong Mugui, defeated, and captured.

The Tuyuhun, a powerful tribe roaming the area of modern Qinghai and Gansu and originally related to the Xianbei, are tent-dwelling experts in horse breeding that also practice agriculture.

As a realm just between the Chinese empires in the east (Northern Wei, and the Southern dynasties) and the other steppe tribes like the Rouran and the Gaoche, the Tuyuhun act as envoys and traders, and many Buddhist missionaries and travelers cross their country.

Feng Hong tries to appease the Northern Wei emperor by delivering gifts of beef and wine to his army but to no avail.

Ten Northern Yan prefectures surrender to Northern Wei, and Northern Wei forces capture a number of Northern Yan cities and put Helong under siege.

However, two months later, Emperor Taiwu withdraws at the start of winter, after capturing thirty thousand households from Northern Yan and relocating them to his You Province (modern Beijing, Tianjin, and northern Hebei).

Feng Hong's official Guo Yuan suggests to Feng Hong that he offer to be a Northern Wei vassal and send a daughter to be Emperor Taiwu's consort, but Feng Hong refuses, stating that the enmity between the states is so deep that he will be killed anyway even if he surrenders.

(While Northern Wei was investing Helong, the Northern Wei general Zhu Xiuzhi, who had been captured from Liu Song, plotted to assassinate Emperor Taiwu and then join Feng Hong, but his plot was discovered, and he flees to Feng Hong, who in turn sends him back to Liu Song, seeking Liu Song aid.

Henceforth, Liu Song and Northern Yan will be informal allies, although Liu Song will provide little actual help.)

The Huns, for half a century after the overthrow of the Visigoths, have extended their power over many of the Germanic peoples of central Europe and fought for the Romans.

Since Ammianus' time, the Huns have acquired huge sums of gold as a result of their treaties with the Romans as well as by way of plunder and by selling their prisoners back to the Romans.

This influx of wealth has altered the character of their society.

By 432, the leadership of the various groups of Huns has been centralized on the Hungarian Plain under a single king, Rugila, also called Rua.

He extracts annual peace payments from the Eastern Roman Empire.

The Lambakanna dynasty of Anuradhapura has ruled since 65; their most noteworthy king is Mahasena (reigned 276–303), who had constructed many major irrigation systems and championed heterodox Buddhist sects.

A Pandyan invasion from southern India ends this dynasty and, briefly, Sinhalese rule, in 432.

Pope Celestine I dies on July 27, 432, after a ten-year reign in which he led a vigorous policy against Nestorianism.

He is succeeded by Sixtus III as the forty-fourth pope.

Santa Sabina is built by Peter of Illyria, a Dalmatian priest, between 422 and 432 near a temple of Juno on the Aventine Hill in Rome.

The church is built on the site of the fourth-century house of Sabina, a Roman matron originally from Avezzano in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

Sabina was supposedly beheaded under the Emperor Vespasian, or perhaps Hadrian, because she had been converted to Christianity by her servant Seraphia, who was stoned to death.

She was later declared a Christian Saint.

The exterior of the church, with its large windows made of selenite, not glass, looks much as it did when it was built in the fifth century.

The wooden door of the basilica is generally agreed to be the original door from 430-32, although it was apparently not constructed for this doorway.

Eighteen of its wooden panels survive—all but one depicting scenes from the Bible.

Most famous among these is one of the earliest certain depictions of Christ's crucifixion, although other panels have also been the subjects of extensive analysis because of their importance for the study of Christian iconography.

Construction begins also on Rome’s Basilica Eudoxiana (now S. Pietro in Vincoli, or St. Peter in Chains), built with money from the empress Eudoxia for the veneration of the chains of St. Peter's Jerusalem imprisonment.

His Roman chains, later added, had become famous after receiving mention at last year’s Council of Ephesus.

Baptisteries, commonly octagonal in plan, are among the most symbolic of all Christian architectural forms; and the characteristic design that had been developed by the fourth century CE can be seen today in what is probably the earliest extant example, the baptistery of the Lateran palace in Rome, built by Sixtus III.

The church of Santa Maria Maggiore, located on the Esquiline, is the first great church of Mary in Rome.

Founded in 432, just after the Council of Ephesus, the church raises the Virgin above all created things.

The swing towards a greater employment of glass has reached a point at which mosaics are almost entirely made of this material.

In what must be regarded as a late but vigorous revival of the painterly illusionism of antiquity, there is an audacious blending of colors.

Among the high points of this trend are the flaming visages of angels in Santa Maria Maggiore’s extensive mosaic program of Old and New Testament scenes begun at this time.