The Central Powers’ riposte is swifter than the progress of the invasion: Germany and ...

...Bulgaria declare war against Romania on August 28, August 30, and September 1, respectively; and ...

...Falkenhayn has plans already prepared.

Though the miscarriage of his overall program for the year had led to his being replaced by Hindenburg as chief of the German general staff on August 29, Falkenhayn's recommendation that Mackensen should direct a Bulgarian attack on southern Romania is approved.

Falkenhayn himself goes to command on the Transylvanian front, for which five German as well as two more Austrian divisions are found available as reinforcements.

Erich von Falkenhayn, after leading a German army against Romania for ten months, takes command of the Central Powers forces in Palestine on July 9, 1917.

Falkenhayn had attempted a counterstroke at Beersheba, but the collapse of the Turkish center necessitates a general retreat.

General Otto Liman von Sanders, Falkenhayn's successor as German commander of the Turkish forces in Syria-­Palestine, is convinced that the British will make their main effort east of the Jordan.

Allenby, however, is really interested in taking a straight northerly direction, reckoning that the Palestine branch rail line at 'Afula and ...