Ibrahim Pasha, another of Muhammad 'Ali's sons, now commands the Egyptian forces.

He enlists the support of the volatile tribes by skillful diplomacy and lavish gifts, then advances into central Arabia, joined by most of the principal tribes.

He invests the provincial capital of ad-Dir'iyah from April 1818 until the surrender, on September 9, of Abdullah, who is sent to Istanbul and beheaded.

Local Wahhabi leaders are put to death, Egyptian garrisons are posted to the principal towns, and Ad-Dir'iyah is razed to the ground as a lesson to the remaining Sa'udi family members, who had suffered heavy losses during the fighting.

A few had managed to escape before the surrender; the rest are sent to Egypt for detention along with those descendants of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab who did not escape to Riyadh.

Those in Egyptian custody include Khalid, son of Sa'ud and brother of 'Abd Allah, and Faysal, a great grandson of Muhammad ibn Sa'ud.