Hetman Vyhovsky supports the negotiations with the Commonwealth, especially after suppressing a revolt led by the colonel of Poltava, Martyn Pushkar, and has severed relations with Tsardom of Russia for its violations of the Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654.

The Treaty of Hadiach is, however, viewed by many Cossacks as 'too little, too late', and they especially oppose the agreement to return land property to the szlachta.

The Commonwealth has become very unpopular with ordinary Cossacks after the 1648 revolt.

Rank-and-file Cossacks see Orthodox Moscow as their natural ally and do not care for alliance with the Commonwealth.

Furthermore, Hadiach is too much a deal that merely benefits the elite of the Cossacks—the "starshyna"—who want to be recognized as equal to the Polish nobility.

Thus, while some Cossacks, among them Vyhovsky, support the Commonwealth, many do not, and Cossack unrest continues in Ukraine.