Hawkins' voyage home has been a miserable one.

The English proclaim foul treachery on the part of the Spanish, who dismiss the action as justifiable response to piracy.

The Spanish consider Hawkins, Drake, et al, as outlaw pirates, but to England they are simply sailors and privateers.

Although Hawkins’ first three voyages have certainly been semi-piratical enterprises, Elizabeth is in need of money and England sees pirates as fighting England's battles at their own cost and risk.

Hawkins will write about the details of his third voyage in An Alliance to Raid for Slaves, commenting on the close relationship of trading and raiding in the English slave trade and the ways in which European success in the slave trade depends directly on African allies who are willing to cooperate.