Kitchener, on his arrival in Egypt in 1911, is already famous as the man who had avenged the death of General Charles Gordon in Khartoum in 1885 during the Mahdist uprising.

In 1913 Kitchener introduces a new constitution that gives the country some representative institutions locally and nationally.

When the British occupation began, the Assembly of Delegates had ceased to exist.

It had been superseded by an assembly and legislative council that are consultative bodies whose advice is not binding on the government.

The Organic Law of 1913 provides for a legislative assembly with an increased number of elected members and expanded powers.