Godfrey of Bouillon Reclaims Lower Lorraine (1087) and His Rise in the Holy Roman Empire

After a long struggle, Godfrey of Bouillon finally secured the Duchy of Lower Lorraine in 1087, proving his loyalty and military ability to Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. His path to power was not straightforward, as he had to fight for his rightful inheritance, navigate the investiture controversy, and resist rival claims from within and outside his family.

Early Life and Family Background

• Born around 1060, Godfrey was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine, the daughter of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine.
• His birthplace was likely Boulogne-sur-Mer, though some sources claim Baisy in Lower Lorraine.
• As a second son, Godfrey initially had fewer prospects and seemed destined to be a minor noble in the service of a more powerful lord.

The Struggle for Lower Lorraine (1076–1087)

1. Godfrey's Uncle Names Him Heir (1076)

   • Godfrey’s maternal uncle, Godfrey IV ("the Hunchback"), Duke of Lower Lorraine, died childless in 1076 and named his nephew as heir.
   • However, Emperor Henry IV refused to grant him the duchy outright, instead appointing his own son as duke and leaving Godfrey only with Bouillon and the Margraviate of Antwerp.
   • This was a test of Godfrey’s loyalty and abilities, as Lower Lorraine was a crucial imperial buffer statebetween France and the Holy Roman Empire.

2. Service to Emperor Henry IV (1076–1082)

   • Despite being denied his full inheritance, Godfrey remained loyal to Henry IV, supporting him during the investiture controversy against Pope Gregory VII.
   • He fought alongside Henry IV in Germany against the anti-king Rudolf of Swabia and later participated in Henry’s campaign in Italy, where Rome was captured from the pope in 1084.

3. Excluded from His Inheritance and Facing Rival Claims (1082–1087)

   • Godfrey was excluded from his ducal inheritance until 1082, struggling to hold onto Bouillon and Antwerp.
   • Matilda of Tuscany, widow of his uncle Godfrey the Hunchback, laid claim to parts of his lands, creating further disputes.
   • Meanwhile, external enemies attempted to seize parts of his domain.
   • His brothers, Eustace III of Boulogne and Baldwin II of Boulogne, came to his aid, helping him resist these challenges.

Godfrey Secures Lower Lorraine (1087)

• By 1087, Godfrey had proven his loyalty and military capabilities to Emperor Henry IV, who finally granted him the full Duchy of Lower Lorraine.
• His rule solidified the imperial influence over this critical frontier duchy, which buffered France from the Holy Roman Empire.

Legacy and Future Role

• Now firmly established as Duke of Lower Lorraine, Godfrey became one of the most important lords of the Holy Roman Empire.
• He would later achieve lasting fame as one of the leaders of the First Crusade (1096–1099), where he played a decisive role in the conquest of Jerusalem.
• His tenacity in securing his inheritance foreshadowed the determination he would later display in the Crusades.

The reclamation of Lower Lorraine in 1087 was a major turning point in Godfrey of Bouillon’s life, marking his ascendancy in imperial politics and setting the stage for his legendary role in the Crusades.