Wilhelm Wundt, combining philosophical introspection with techniques and laboratory apparatuses brought over from his physiological studies with Hermann von Helmholtz, as well as many of his own design, completes the first work on experimental psychology, Beitrage zur Theorie der Sinneswahrnehmung (Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception), in 1862, decisively separating the study of the mind from rational philosophy and metaphysics.