Levi ben Gershon (also called Gersonides and Ralbag), a French-born Jewish astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher, produces controversial commentary on Aristotelian philosophy, the Bible, and parts of the Talmud.

Levi, an adherent of the Averroist school in his interpretations and commentaries on Aristotle, discusses many of the critical philosophic problems of his time in his major philosophic work, Milhamot Adonai (“The Wars of the Lord”), written in 1329, when the author is forty-one.

When grappling with an unresolvable contradiction between Aristotle and the Bible, Levi endeavors to accommodate biblical ideas to those of Aristotle, unlike Maimonides, who accepted the biblical word as primary.

This creates opposition for Levi, who falls under suspicion of heresy.