France will remain officially neutral throughout the American Civil War, 1861–65, and will never recognize the Confederate States of America.

The United States has warned that recognition will mean war.

However, the textile industry needs Southern cotton, and Napoleon has imperial ambitions in Mexico, which can be greatly aided by the Confederacy.

At the same time, other French political leaders, such as Foreign Minister Édouard Thouvenel, support the United States.

Napoleon helps finance the Confederacy but refuses to intervene actively until Britain agrees, and London always rejects intervention.

The Emperor realizes that a war with the US without allies would spell disaster for France.