Fra Bartolomeo had been commissioned to create a fresco of the Universal Judgment for the Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova, completed by Albertinelli and Giuliano Bugiardini when Baccio became a Dominican friar on July 26, 1500.

Entering the convent of San Marco the following year, he had renounced painting for several years, not resuming until 1504 when he became the head of the monastery workshop in obedience to his superior.

In this year he begins a Vision of St. Bernard for Bernardo Bianco's family chapel in the Badia Fiorentina, finished in 1507.

Soon thereafter, Raphael visits Florence and befriends the friar.

Bartolomeo learns perspective from the younger artist, while Raphael adds skills in coloring and handling of drapery, which is noticeable in the works he produces after their meeting.

With Raphael, he remains on the friendliest terms, and when he departs from Rome, leaves in his hands two unfinished pictures, which Raphael completes.