John of England, fearing a French invasion of England itself following the conquest of Anjou by Philip of France, requires every English male over twelve to enter an association "for the general defense of the realm and the preservation of peace".

William of Wrotham, Lord Warden of the Stannaries of England, oversees a reform of English currency.

In keeping with other high-ranking bureaucrats of his time and place, this is just one of Wrotham's many offices: he is also Keeper of the King's Ports & Galleys, supervisor of the mints of Canterbury and London, ward of the vacant Diocese of Bath and Wells, an archdeacon of Taunton, a canon of Wells, and will serve the following year as a circuit judge.