Constantine's conversion to Christianity brings a new era of prosperity to Palestine, which attracts a flood of pilgrims from all over the empire.

As a geographic unit, Palestine extends from the Mediterranean on the west to the Arabian Desert on the east and from the lower Litani River in the north to the Gaza Valley in the south.

Named after the Philistines, who occupied the southern coastal region in the twelfth century BCE, the name Philistia was used in the second century CE to designate Syria Palestina, which formed the southern third of the Roman province of Syria.