The European Union agrees to a €10 billion economic bailout for Cyprus on March 25, 2013.

The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund.

The deal precipitates a banking crisis in the island nation.

Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi is deposed in a military coup d'état on July 3, 2013, after a wave of public discontent with autocratic excesses of Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood government.

Amid mass protests across Egypt, leading to widespread violence, the military dissolves the Shura Council and instalsl a temporary interim government.

Sixty-eight-year-old Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt Adly Mansour is sworn in on July 4, 2013, as acting president over the new government following the removal of Morsi.

The new Egyptian authorities crack down on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, jailing thousands and forcefully dispersing pro-Morsi and/or pro-Brotherhood protests.

Jordan takes the seat on the United Nations Security Council on December 6, 2013, after Saudi Arabia had rejected the seat on October 18, as the first country to reject a seat on the Security Council.

South Sudan is plunged into civil war when Fighting between ethnic Dinka and Nuer members of the presidential guard breaks out in Juba on December 15, 2013.

A new Egyptian parliamentary election is held in December 2015, resulting in a landslide victory for pro-Sisi parties, which secure a strong majority in the newly-formed House of Representatives.

Many of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood leaders and activists have either been sentenced to death or life imprisonment in a series of mass trials.

Egypt's interim government institutes a new constitution on January 18, 2014, following a referendum approved by an overwhelming majority of voters (98.1%).

38.6% of registered voters had participated in the referendum, a higher number than the thirty-three percent who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure.

Field Marshal Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Egyptian Defense Minister and Commander-in-Chief Egyptian Armed Forces, retires from the military, announcing on March 26, 2014, he will stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election.

The North Korean people consider themselves in many respects the purest Chinese culture.

The relation of the Koran language, a member of the Korean-Japanese language group generally included in the Altaic language family, is distinct from the Chinese languages, which today form the majority of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

(It has not been convincingly demonstrated that the non-Chinese Tibeto-Burman branches languages constitute a monophyletic group.)

Language aside, Korea continues as the Hermit Kingdom, the core defender of East Asian values and traditions embodied on the world stage by the Han Chinese and the various peoples also incorporated into modern China.

North Korea’s population is homogenous throughout its history to a degree unusual in Asia or Europe; they are more so today than any other of the world’s developed cultures.

The region specific to North Korea is accustomed to militarized dynastic rule with a xenophobic discourse.

Present-day North Korea is arguably the most racist of the world’s developed societies.