Dos Pilas is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in what is now the department of Petén, Guatemala.

It dates to the Late Classic Period, being founded by an offshoot of the dynasty of the great city of Tikal in 629 in order to control trade routes in the Petexbatún region, particularly the Pasión River.

Dos Pilas broke away from Tikal in 648 and became a vassal state of Calakmul, although the first two kings of Dos Pilas continued to use the same emblem glyph that Tikal did.

It was a predator state from the beginning, conquering Itzan, Arroyo de Piedra and Tamarindito.

Dos Pilas and a nearby city, Aguateca, eventually became the twin capitals of a single ruling dynasty.

The kingdom as a whole has been named as the Petexbatun Kingdom, after Lake Petexbatún, a body of water draining into the Pasión River.

Ongoing conflict in the Maya region had soon destabilized the whole area following the defeat of Dos Pilas' patron Calakmul and in 761 the city is dramatically abandoned after Tamarindito and other Petexbatún centers rebel against their Dos Pilas overlord.

A hieroglyphic stairway at Tamarindito mentions the enforced flight of K'awiil Chan K'inich, who is never mentioned again.

The Dos Pilas royal family probably transports itself to the more defensible Aguateca, which lies only ten kilometers to the southeast.

The violent end of Dos Pilas is evident from the smashed remains of a royal throne recovered from the Bat Palace.

The entire Petexbatún region will be engulfed by warfare in the late eighth century until almost all the settlements of the former Dos Pilas kingdom are abandoned.

The monuments of Ixlú in the central Petén lakes region bear some hieroglyphic texts that closely resemble texts from Dos Pilas, suggesting that the lords of Ixlú may have been refugees from the collapse of the Petexbatún region.