essentially complete, though additional work would continue for another two decades. Founded in 1062 by Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, the abbey served as a Benedictine convent, playing a significant role in Norman religious and architectural history. Matilda herself was buried in its sanctuary upon her death in 1083, reinforcing the abbey’s status as a royal foundation.

Architectural Features and Innovations

La Trinité represents a refined example of Norman Romanesque architecture, characterized by its basilica-plan structure and structural innovations that would influence later medieval building design. Key features include:

• Series of Parallel Apses – The east end of the church features a distinctive arrangement of parallel apses, a hallmark of Norman ecclesiastical architecture.
• Pointed Arches and Triforium – The nave is flanked by pointed arches, surmounted by a blind arcade (triforium), an early example of this feature in Normandy.
• First Groin Vault in Normandy – The church boasts the earliest known groin vault in the region, an important structural innovation that allowed for more expansive and stable ceilings.
• Clerestory Passage and Wall Reduction – A passage in front of the clerestory windows helps reduce the thickness of the walls, a technique that foreshadows the progressive lightening of Romanesque structures, leading toward the Gothic style.

Later Alterations and Historical Events

Over the centuries, La Trinité underwent several modifications and restorations:

• Hundred Years’ War (14th–15th centuries) – The original spires were destroyed and later replaced with simpler balustrades in the early 18th century.
• 1865 Reconstruction – The original vault was demolished and rebuilt, altering some of the medieval structural elements.
• French Revolution – The nuns were expelled, and the abbey’s function as a religious institution was disrupted. They returned in 1820.
• 1990–1993 Restoration – The church was last restored in the late 20th century, preserving its Norman Romanesque character.

Legacy and Significance

La Trinité at the Abbaye aux Dames remains one of the most important examples of early Norman architecture, reflecting the artistic and structural ambitions of the Duchy of Normandy during the reign of William the Conqueror. Its innovations in vaulting, wall design, and spatial organization foreshadowed later developments in Gothic architecture, making it a crucial link between Romanesque solidity and medieval structural refinement.