Bosnia had grown in both size and power under Stephen Tvrtko I, finally becoming an independent kingdom in 1377.

Tvrtko by 1390 had expanded his empire to include a part of Croatia and Dalmatia, and assumed the title of Bosnian King of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia and the Littoral.

His full title listed subject peoples and geographical dependencies, following the Eastern Roman norm.

At the peak of his power, he was King of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Hum, Usora, Soli, Dalmatia, Donji Kraji, etc.

Following his death in 1391, however, Bosnia had fallen into a period of decline that will not be arrested.

Because the Ottoman Empire has begun its conquest of Europe and poses a major threat to the Balkans, Bosnia accepts the rule of Hungary-Croatia at the beginning of the fifteenth century.