Boccaccio, writing in the courtly and stylized atmosphere of the Neapolitan court, creates the mythical Fiammetta, a lady who dominates his prose and poetry (and who is traditionally but questionably identified as Maria d'Aquino, daughter of King Robert of Anjou).

He writes, possibly between 1336 and 1338, The Most Pleasant and Delectable Questions of Love, a prose romance.

From, possibly, 1339 to 1341, he composes The Book of Theseus, a collection of epic poems in octava rima; in addition, Boccaccio pens numerous short lyrics.