...the fall of Bayonne and surrounding Gascon strongholds.

This rapid collapse of English control in Gascony was facilitated by the French army's improved organization and tactics, particularly its sophisticated use of artillery under commanders like the brothers Jean and Gaspard Bureau. Moreover, English governance had been increasingly tenuous, weakened by internal divisions, ineffective leadership, and insufficient reinforcements from England itself.

The fall of Bordeaux, Bayonne, and other Gascon cities marked the virtual end of nearly three centuries of English rule in southwestern France, critically reducing England’s continental presence to the single fortified city of Calais in the north. Politically and symbolically, these victories represented the near completion of Charles VII’s restoration of French royal authority across its traditional territories, reshaping the geopolitical landscape of Atlantic West Europe as the Hundred Years' War entered its final stage.