…Khorat districts in the region of present eastern Thailand.

The first signs of the White Lotus Society had come during the late thirteenth century.

Mongol rule over China, known also by its dynastic name, the Yuan dynasty,had prompted small, yet popular demonstrations against foreign rule.

The White Lotus Society had taken part in some of these protests as they grew into widespread dissent.

The Mongols considered the White Lotus society a heterodox religious sect and banned it, forcing its members to go underground.

Now a secret society, the White Lotus became an instrument of quasi-national resistance and religious organization.

A revolution, inspired by the White Lotus society, takes shape in 1352 around Guangzhou.

A Buddhist monk and former boy-beggar, Zhu Yuanzhang, throws off his vestments and joins the rebellion.

His exceptional intelligence takes him to the head of a rebel army; he wins people to his side by forbidding his soldiers to pillage, in observance of White Lotus religious beliefs.

Ni Zan, a painter, scholar, poet, and calligrapher born into a wealthy family of Wuxi, in Jiangsu province, enjoys a life of leisure until 1352, when he gives away all his property and takes up residence on a houseboat, wandering around the Wuxi lakes.

Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, as part of his efforts to establish a well-integrated realm, appoints his Kantakouzenos kinsmen as rulers of imperial territories.

As the emperor becomes engaged in battling Turkish incursions in Thrace and Macedonia, the deposed Emperor John V Palailogos assembles troops to depose John VI and regain the imperial throne.

The opposing armies meet in battle at Adrianople in 1352, where John VI’s forces, aided by some Turks, hold fast against the assault of John V.

Dushan's forces are defeated by the Ottoman Turks in 1352, when the Turkish forces, having first entered the Balkans as mercenaries of Constantinople in the 1340s, cross the Bosporus to return as invaders in their own right.

The court of Clement VI at Avignon is notable for nepotism and extravagance but also for charitable works during the Black Death, for protection of the Jews, and for patronage of artists and scholars.

Cola di Rienzo, who appears at Avignon in August 1352, is tried by three cardinals, and is sentenced to death, but this judgment is not carried out, and he remains in prison in spite of appeals from Petrarch for his release.

Freedom, however, is at hand.

Clement dies on December 6, 1352; his successor Innocent VI, is anxious to strike a blow at the baronial rulers of Rome.

Seeing in the former tribune an excellent tool for this purpose, he pardons and releases his prisoner.

Giving him the title of senator, he sends him to Italy with the legate, Cardinal Albornoz.

The Dorias, a wealthy and powerful Genoese family, had rebelled against Aragonese rule over Sardinia in 1347 and defeated the Catalans at Aidu de Turdu, occupying Bonorva and sparking what will be a long war between Aragon and Genoa, but at the outset the Doria could not take advantage of their victory.

An alliance between Aragon and the Giudicato of Arborea—one of the four independent, hereditary "judicatures" (giudicati) into which the island of Sardinia is divided—had been in effect with Aragon for more than fifty years at the time of the accession of Marianus IV of Arborea in 1347.

Born at Oristano, Marianus is the son of Hugh II and successor of his childless brother Peter III.

At the behest of his father he had spent most of his youth in Barcelona, where he was educated at the court of Alfonso IV of Aragon.

He had participated actively in the coronation of Peter IV in 1336.

In the same year in Barcelona, he married Timbor, daughter of Dalmatius IV of Rocabertí and Beatrice of Serrallonga, Baroness of Cabrenys.

In 1339, he was invested by Peter with the counties of Bas (Spain), Goceano (Sardinia), and Marmilla (Sardinia).

Peter IV, faced with the popular uprising in Sardinia and menaced by Genoese attempts to recapture the island, secures the aid of the Venetians and Catalans, whose fleets pursue the Genoese and defeat them in a high seas naval battle in 1352.

A storm disrupts the allied fleet, however, enabling the Genoese to regroup and attack Corsica and Sardinia.

The Florentine Guelphs institute a reign of terror against Ghibelline officeholders in the wake of the failed 1351 invasion of Florentine territory by the Ghibelline-allied Milanese.

Joanna gives birth to her second child with Louis, another daughter, Françoise, in October 1351.

Five months later, on 23 March 1352, Louis receives Clement VI's formal recognition as his wife's co-ruler in all her realms.

On May 27, Louis is crowned with her by the Archbishop of Braga in the Hotel di Taranto in Naples.

A few days later, on 2 June, Françoise, by now the couple's only surviving child, dies, aged eight months.

Joanna will never again conceive.

Zweibrücken, a city in the Rhineland-Palatinate in southwestern Germany near the present French border (the city’s name, meaning "two bridges," was Bipontium to the Romans) receives its charter in 1352.

From the end of the tywelfh century, Zweibrücken has been the seat of the County of Zweibrücken, the counts being descended from Henry I, youngest son of Simon I, Count of Saarbrücken (d. 1182).