The attempts by Stephen I of Hungary to control all Hungarian tribal territories have led to wars, including, according to legend, one with his maternal uncle Gyula (a chieftain in Transylvania; Gyula is the second-highest title in the Hungarian tribal confederation).

Stephen had led an army into Transylvania in 1003 and Gyula had surrendered without a fight.

This had made possible the organization of the Transylvanian Catholic episcopacy (with Gyulafehérvár as its seat), which is finished in 1009 when the bishop of Ostia (as papal legate) visits Stephen and they approve diocesan divisions and boundaries.