The Palestinians, who have looked to the Arab countries to defeat Israel and regain their homeland since the late 1940s, have been radicalized by the 1967 defeat.

The PLO—now an umbrella organization of Palestinian resistance groups led by Yasser Arafat's Al Fatah—moves to the forefront of Arab resistance against Israel.

Recruits and money pour in, and Fatah quickly permeates and mobilizes the reunited Palestinian population, providing social services and organizations.

Throughout 1968 Palestinian guerrillas launch a number of border raids on Israel that add to the organization's popularity.

The fedayeen (Arab guerrillas) attacks bring large-scale Israeli retaliation, which the Arab states are not capable of counteracting. (The tension between Arab states' interests and the more revolutionary aspirations of the Palestinian resistance foreshadow a major inter-Arab political conflict.)

Conflicts within the PFLP over ideology lead to several splits and generate independent factions, most notably the PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC) established in 1968 by Ahmad Jibril.