Still another school of thought is based on the doctrine of Mo Zi (470-391 BCE), or Mo Di.

Mo Zi believed that "all men are equal before God" and that mankind should follow heaven by practicing universal love.

Advocating that all action must be utilitarian, Mo Zi condemned the Confucian emphasis on ritual and music.

He regarded warfare as wasteful and advocated pacificism.

Mo Zi also believed that unity of thought and action are necessary to achieve social goals.

He maintained that the people should obey their leaders and that the leaders should follow the will of heaven.

Although Moism fails to establish itself as a major school of thought, its views are said to be "strongly echoed" in Legalist thought.

In general, the teachings of Mo Zi leave an indelible impression on the Chinese mind.