Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, the elder child and only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale, is an older sister of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia.

Her paternal grandparents were King Casimir IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, of the Jagiellon dynasty, and Elisabeth of Austria, one of the heiresses of Bohemia, duchy of Luxembourg and duchy of Kujavia.

Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale and Catherine de Foix, Infanta of the Kingdom of Navarre She was born in Buda (now Budapest).

The death of Vladislaus II on March 13, 1516, had left both siblings in the care of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.

It had been arranged that Anna marry his grandson, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria.

Anna marries Ferdinand on May 26, 1521 in Linz, Austria.

It is stipulated that Ferdinand should succeed Anne's brother in case he dies without male heirs.