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Ali ibn Abi Talib—husband of Fatima, Muhammad’s …

Years: 656 - 656
June

Ali ibn Abi Talib—husband of Fatima, Muhammad’s daughter by Khadijah—heads a reform movement that leads, albeit indirectly, to the assassination of Uthman after an eleven-year reign.

Dissident Muslim contingents assigned to Egypt and Kufa (in present Iraq), increasingly incensed at Uthman’s nepotism, march on Medina in 656 calling for Ali to become caliph.

The rebels besiege 'Uthman in his home, and, after several days of desultory fighting, he is killed on June 20, 655.

This is the beginning of beginning the first fitna (literally meaning the 'trail of faith').

The Muslim expansion come to a halt as the martial energies of the Islamic forces are directed inwards.

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The Near and Middle East (656 - 656)
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Near East (656 - 656)