…a subsequent rebellion springs up in Guangxi, where the Ming Dynasty had early annexed the areas of the southwest that had once been part of the Kingdom of Dali, and where more than half of the roughly three nillion inhabitants had then been non-Han peoples.

By the end of the fourteenth century, some two hundred thousand military colonists had settled some three hundred and fifty thousand acres of land in what is now Yunnan and Guizhou.

Roughly half a million more Chinese settlers are to follow; these migrations are causing a major shift in the ethnic make-up of the region, for which the Ming government has adopted a policy of dual administration.

Areas with majority ethnic Chinese are governed according to Ming laws and policies; areas where native tribal groups dominate have their own set of laws while tribal chiefs promise to maintain order and send tribute to the Ming court in return for needed goods.

In 1464, a rebellion of the Miao people and Yao people against what they see as oppressive government rule forces the Ming throne to respond by sending thirty thousand troops (including one thousand Mongol cavalry) to aid the one hundred and sixty thousand local troops stationed in the region to crush the rebellion; they will do so within two years.