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Group: Umm al-Qaywayn, or Umm al-Quwain, Emirate of
People: Ivan V of Ryazan
Topic: Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
Location: Speyer Rheinland-Pfalz Germany

A considerable number of Marrano merchants have …

Years: 1648 - 1648
January

A considerable number of Marrano merchants have settled in London toward the middle of the seventeenth century and formed here a secret congregation, at the head of which is Antonio Fernandez Carvajal.

They conduct a large business with the Levant, East and West Indies, Canary Islands, and Brazil, and above all with the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal.

They form an important link in the network of trade spread especially throughout the Spanish and Portuguese world by the Marranos or secret Jews.

Outwardly they pass as Spaniards and Catholics; but they hold prayer-meetings at Cree Church Lane, and have become known to the government as Jews by faith.

Several hundred Jews are by 1648 already living in London under the protection of Charles I.